Standards for Bibliographic Record Formats

Paper-M-108

Dr. Manika Lamba

04th June 2023

Standardization of International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD)

ISBD

  • IFLA held an International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (ICCP) at Paris in 1961 with a purpose to achieve international standardization in cataloguing

  • Standardization of International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) made it economic & technological necessity for the creation, conversion, and use of machine-readable records

  • These rules are standards to promote universal bibliographic control

  • Consistency while sharing bibliographic information is the main goal of ISBD

ISBD (Cont.)

  • The most important contribution has been made by ISBD(G) [General International Standard Bibliographic Description] which is intended to provide the generalized framework for descriptive information required in range of different bibliographic activities

ISBD HISTORY

Year Event
1971 ISBD for Monographic Publications (ISBD (M)) was published & was revised in 1974 as “First Standard Edition” and was again revised in 1987
1974 ISBD (S) for serials was published & revised in 1988
1977 ISBD (CM) for cartographic materials & ISBD (NBM) for non-book materials were appeared and revised in 1987
1977 ISBD (G) was published. It includes information about general. The basic need of ISBD (G) was to ensure the harmony among other ISBDs and was revised in 1992

ISBD HISTORY (Cont.)

1980 International bibliographic book description for Antiquarian & Printed music (ISBD (A)) & ISBD (PM) were published & revised in 1991
1988 Description of component parts & a guideline for application of article level was published
1989 Conference carrying agenda on Section of Cataloging adopting a schedule with its procedures for the development & distribution of documents was held
1990 International Standard Bibliographic Description for Computer Files ISBD (CF) was published
2002 Updated procedures on electronic environment opportunities

FIVE PHASES IN DEVELOPMENT OF ISBD

  1. Creating a draft text

  2. Worldwide Review

  3. Final Revision

  4. Balloting

  5. Publication

STRUCTURE OF ISBD

  • ISBD is divided into 8 areas on description
  1. Title and statement of responsibility
  2. Edition
  3. Material (or type of Publication) specific data (used for cartographic materials & serials)
  4. Publication, distribution data, including place & date of Publication
  5. Physical description
  6. Series
  7. Notes
  8. Standard number & terms of availability

PURPOSE OF ISBD

  • It makes it possible to interchange records from different sources

  • It supports to overcome the language barriers and help to interpret records from one language to other

  • It facilitates the conversion of bibliographic records to electronic form

  • It defines the selection and order of data elements

  • It prescribes punctuation marks to be used within a bibliography

  • It establishes compatibility among cataloging for exchange of bibligraphic records for information centers

MARC

MARC

  • MARC stands for MAchine Readable Catalogue

  • Data indexing system which was developed by LoC in 1965

  • Allows computers to “understand” cataloging inputs

  • MARC code does not provide an instruction on description of library materials, but is a standard format for bibliographic info. into a computerized record

  • The information from a catalogue card cannot simply be typed into a computer to become part of an automated catalogue

  • The computer needs some program or code to interpret the info. that is available in specific format on a catalogue card
  • MARC standard has ability to encode the bibliographic information in machine-readable format
  • MARC21 record contains various “signposts,” before each piece of catalogue information so that it can be identified easily
  • Info. in a MARC record is stored in character form and records are coded in extended ASCII format

  • MARC21 have following fields:

    • Control Fields (001-006): contains control no. & other coded info. eg. date & time of processing + type of material. Each control field is identified by field tag & contains either a single data element or a series of fixed-length data elements
    • Control Field (007): contains special info. abt. physical characteristics in a coded form
    • Control Fields (008): contains 40 character positions (00-39) that provide coded info. abt. record and about special biblio. aspects of item being cataloged

  • Number & Code Fields (01x-04x): contain control & linking no., standard no. and codes that relate to the biblio. item described in record

  • Classification & Call No. Fields (05x-08x): contain classification & call no. related to item described in biblio. record

  • Main Entry Fields (1xx): store a name or uniform title heading used as a main entry in biblio. record

    • 100: personal name
    • 110: corporate name
  • 111: meeting name
  • 130: uniform title

EG. Work of Sir Winston Churchill will be entered as

100 1#$aChurchill, Winston, $cSir, $d1874-1965

Where,

  • Subfield $a - personal name
  • $c - title
  • $d - dates associated with a person

  • Indicators: 0 - forename, 1- surname, 3 - family name

  • ‘#’ - undefined character

  • Title & Title-Related Fields (20X-24X): store title of the item described in biblio. record & variant titles info.

    • 210: Abbreviated title
    • 222: Key title
    • 240: Uniform title
    • 245: Title Statement

MARC21

EG. Book title: Information sources and searching on the world wide web

222 #0$a Information sources and searching on the world wide web

Where,

  • 0: no non-filling character

  • $a: key title of concerned book

  • Edition & Imprint Fields (250-270): store info. on edition, imprint, address, and other publication source info. and data related to specific forms of material that apply to

item in question

  • 250: Edition statement
  • 256: Computer file characteristics/data for electronic records
  • 260: Publication distribution

EG. 250 ## $a2nd ed.

  • ‘#’: undefined fields
  • $a: edition statement

  • Physical Description Fields (3XX): store info. on physical charac., publication freq., price & physical arrangement of item

    • 300: Physical description
    • 306: Playing time
    • 310: Current publication freq.
    • 340: Physical medium

EG. 300 ## $ a149p. : $ bsd., col. ;$c23cm

  • $a: extent such as pages, volume

  • $b: other physical details like color or playing sped

  • $c: dimensions

  • Series Statement Fields (4XX): 440 & 490 contains series statements

EG. 440 #0 $ a Library & Information Science series $ n No. 5

  • $a: title of series
  • $n: no. of items in series
  • Notes Fields part 1 (50X-53X) and part 2 (53X-58X): for storing different types of notes associated with different types of documents

EG. 500 ## $ a Based on an Indian folk tale

  • Subject Access Fields (6XX): store info. on subject headings or access terms that provide add. access to biblio. record. 13 fields have been designed diff. subj. access
  • 600: personal names
  • 650: topical names
  • 651: geo. names

EG. 650 #0 $ a Architecture, Modern $ y 20th century

  • $a: topical term
  • $y: chronological subdivison

MARC21

  • Added Entry Fields (70X-75X): provide access to biblio. record that is not provided through main entry (1XX), subject access (6XX), series statement (4XX), series added entry (8XX), title (20X-24X)

  • Linking Entry Fields (76X-78X): contains info. that links related biblio. items

  • Series Added Entry Fields (80X-830): contain name/title used in series added entry when series statement is contained in field 490 (series statement) or field 500 (general note) and a series added entry is required for biblio. record

  • Holdings, Location, Alternate Graphs etc. Fields (841-88X): contains descriptions for data elements that appear either in biblio. records or in separate MARC record. Field 856 is imp. for electronic records, esp. internet & web resources

EG. 856 40 $ u http://www.ref.oclc.org $ z Address for accessing journals in OCLC - 4: item accessed from HTTP - 0: electronic location - 856: same resources described by record as a whole - $u: URL - $z: note